Nitrosamines From Food and Cancer in General

I have written about acrylamides and heterocyclicamines in relation to breast cancer risk. This is the first post touching on the subject of nitrosamines.

There are no good studies linking nitrosamines to breast cancer, however, nitrosamines cause many types of cancer, most notably along the gastrointestinal tract.

Theoretically, nitrosamines could be contributing to the non-estrogen dependent breast cancers as this chemical causes DNA mutations in general, according to mammalian laboratory studies.

There are obvious sources of nitrosamines; nitrite preserved food like luncheon meats, bacon or smoked fish. But there are non obvious sources as well; some beers contain nitrosamines from the brewing process, tobacco products and any food item that is in a non breathing container. Sodium nitrate is used as a preservative specifically against botulinum toxin.

Another non obvious source is our own stomachs. Under a reduced acidic environment, our stomachs turn nitrates to nitrites. This is important to remember as many foods have nitrates and many people are unfortunately on acid blockers. (there's a good reason our stomach PH is supposed to be highly acidic, and messing with the PH leads to all sorts of dangerous consequences).

Ascorbic acid or vitamin C, reduces the amount of nitrites produced from nitrates. Take plenty of vitamin C, just not with sodium benzoate as this combination leads to benzene, another known carcinogen.

Beer as it turns out is a big source of nitrosamines which forms in the malting process. The beers with the highest levels tend to be the cheaper domestic types. Stick with higher quality and imported beers and consider drinking it with limes or lemons for the ascorbic acid.

Green tea with a high catechin concentration has been also shown to inhibit nitrosamine formation. Green tea with low catechin concentration may actually promote nitrite formation.

It is important to use ample green tea leaves and drink only the first two infusions if you want the benefit of reducing nitrosamine formation. I prefer high quality Japanese green teas like Sencha or Gyokuro. For instant green tea, I use Matcha powder which is a powdered form of sencha or gyokuro, both have high catechin levels.

Why I'm Blogging About Breast Cancer

We hear so much about "finding the cure".

While I feel it is important to find cures for any disease process, I am very frustrated over the fact that many disease processes are preventable.

For many of my patients, their breast cancers were preventable.

It's true that for some patients with breast cancer, it's a genetic throw of the dice leading to the disease.

But, for the majority of patients with this disease, it was a preventable mix of dietary and other lifestyle choices, environmental exposures and possibly poor emotional hygiene.

I doubt any women say to themselves, "what can I do today to increase my risk for breast cancer".

After interviewing hundreds of patients, I believe that most people are unaware of the dangers of their choices.

I would like to arm people with knowledge to help prevent illness from even beginning.

Prevention is much less painful than treatment physically, psychologically and financially.

I can't tell you how many patients with cancer walk into my office with the intention of learning what to do in order to keep their cancer at bay. I just wish they had come in years ago.

I also see many women who have been on either hormone replacement or the birth control pill without ever having their hormone levels checked. This is a travesty and is actually medical negligence.

It is time for everyone to take the future of their health in their own hands and learn about environmental, emotional and dietary triggers for disease.

More on Ethnicity and Types of Breast Cancer

Hispanic women also tend to suffer from more estrogen receptor negative cancers and, like African American women, have higher mortality rates from breast cancer.

Part of this, is that both African American women and Hispanic women present with more advanced forms of the disease than other women.

There are studies currently under way looking specifically at Hispanic women and risk factors, but not many conclusions yet.

Jewish women from an Ashkenazi (eastern European) background, have a 1 in 40 chance of carrying a tumor suppressor gene known as BRCA1 or BRCA2. The ones that do, have about a 40% chance of developing cancer related to breast, ovarian or both types of tissue.

This tends to be a much more aggressive cancer than the more common hormone sensitive cancer and has higher mortality rates.

In conclusion, even though certain ethnic groups of women have a greater chance of developing a more aggressive form of breast cancer, the most common type in any group is still the hormone dependent, less aggressive form.

And this is the type most understood in terms of risk factors and diet.

Prudent Diet and African American Women

African American women tend to have a greater risk for non-estrogen dependent breast cancer. They tend to get breast cancer at a younger age than other women, and they tend to have higher mortality rates irregardless of the type of cancer.

In 1995, a longitudinal study was launched by the US National Cancer Institute following over 50,000 African American women, looking at breast cancer rates and the subjects diets.

What was found when the study ended in 2007, was that a prudent diet rich in fruits, veggies fish and whole grains was associated with lower breast cancer rates in thin, and in pre-menopausal women.

The "prudent" diets were also low in red and processed meat, carbohydrates and sugars. Overweight women who ate a prudent diet did not show a lower rate, only slim women appeared to be protected by this diet.

There certainly needs to be more studies on risk factors and African American women.

Chocolate, Tea and Coffee

Real dark chocolate does have high amounts of flavinoids, mostly epicatechin. So far the research shows real benefit in warding off heart disease. I can't find much in relation to breast cancer. However, flavinoids are always a good thing. The caveat is that not all dark chocolate is created equal. look for at least 75% cocoa content or higher. Look at the total glycemic load. In order to do that subtract the fiber from the carbohydrates and put that number over the protein. A healthy chocolate has about 5 grams of fiber and 5 grams of protein with a total carbohydrate listing of 11 to 17 grams total.

Just because the research isn't there doesn't mean it's not helpful. In general, the more flavinoids one consumes the better. Chocolate is up there with green and white tea, rooiboos has even more than green or white tea. Black tea and coffee have lower amounts.

Flavinoids in order, from highest to lowest:

Rooiboos

White Tea

Green Tea and Real Dark Chocolate

Black Tea and Coffee

More Info on Soy and Heterocyclicamines

When thinking about soy as food, remember that the epidemiological studies we have showing soy to be beneficial involves Asian women eating typical local forms of soy.

Fermented is always better. Miso paste is so easy to work with as a soup base or even as part of a sauce or dressing base. Tempeh is a great alternative to tofu when wanting to saute as a substitute for meat. But, even the soy milk in asia is usually made at home after soaking the beans for a few hours and therefore made from semi-sprouted soy beans.

I personally use mung beans, lentils and nuts more than any other form of protein.

If you eat meat, remember that cooking on fire or at high temps create heteracyclicamines. Sushi is therefor preferable to BBQ fish. steak tartar is preferable to a burger if the meat is safe.

And when cooking carbs (some veggies and peas included) high heat and frying creates acrylamides.

so lay off the french fries and crackers!

Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet

Choose plant sources of protein over animal. Women with the highest intake of animal fats and proteins, have higher rates of breast cancer.

Lentils, beans, seeds and nuts are all loaded with wonderful chemical constituents. Try soaking mung beans or other pulses(lentils) they are soft enough to eat after a day or two of soaking and have the beneficial enzymes and nutrients of sprouts. Even soaking almonds or sunflower seeds for a few hours begins the germination process.

The latest skinny on soy involves a study looking at 5000 women in china. the conclusion which went viral around dec 8 2009 was that soy IS protective. the women with the highest intakes had the lowest rates of breast cancers. This is contrary to what many people were hypothesizing.

Many oncologists thought soy had too many estrogen like-compounds.

In reality, most estrogen-like compounds in soy mimic estriol or E3, a weak estrogen.

If a weak estrogen meets an estrogen receptor and they decide to get it on, this is a beautiful thing. Now, a strong estrogen can not connect with the receptor and stimulate the tissue the receptor is sitting on.

However, I am not encouraging anyone to only eat soy. There are benefits to all vegetarian sources of protein.